Original Title: Difference between Short-path Distillation and Molecular Distillation-Shanghai DEA Short-path distillation, "short path" refers to a shorter distance, in a broad sense, the evaporator adopts the design scheme that the distance from the evaporation surface to the condensation surface is less than 300 MM, which can be called a short-path distiller. In terms of design structure, it can be divided into scraper short-path distiller, centrifugal short-path distiller and short-path distillers evolved from the condenser installation position of film evaporator improved by some manufacturers in recent years. At present, the most mature technology widely used is the scraper short-distance distiller, which is designed to consist of a vertical evaporation cylinder heated externally, a central condenser and a rotating film scraper between the distiller and the condenser. The distillation process is as follows: the material is added from the top of the evaporator, and is continuously and uniformly distributed on the heating surface by the feed liquid distributor on the rotor, and then the film scraper scrapes the feed liquid into a very thin layer of turbulent liquid film, which is pushed downward in a spiral shape. In this process, the light components escaping from the heating surface are condensed into liquid on the built-in condenser through a very short route and almost without collision, and flow down the condenser tubes and discharged through the discharge tube at the bottom of the evaporator; the residual liquid, namely the heavy components, is collected in the circular channel under the heating area and then flows out through the discharge tube at the side. Molecular distillation, more precisely, the principle of molecular distillation, wiped film distillation ,nutsche filter dryer, is different from the traditional distillation which relies on the principle of boiling point difference separation, but relies on the difference of mean free path of molecular motion of different substances to achieve separation. In the distillation process, when a liquid mixture flows along a heating plate and is heated under a certain specific pressure condition, light and heavy molecules can escape from the liquid surface and enter a gas phase, and because the free paths of the light and heavy molecules are different, the molecules of different substances have different moving distances after escaping from the liquid surface, If a condensation plate can be properly set (the distance between the evaporation area and the condensation surface is generally less than 100mm), the light molecules will be condensed and discharged when they reach the condensation plate, while the heavy molecules will be discharged along the mixed liquid when they do not reach the condensation plate. In this way, the purpose of material separation is achieved. Expand the full text Attention should be paid to "specific pressure conditions" and "evaporation surface and condensation surface distance" from the description of the distillation process. That is to say, not all raw materials can realize molecular distillation; the molecular distillation process can only be realized in a scraper type short-path distiller or a centrifugal type short-path distiller; the molecular distillation is not simply distillation in the short-distance distiller, but molecular distillation, and molecular distillation must be realized by realizing molecular-level motion and realizing a separation process at a specific pressure and a specific temperature. Therefore, it is wrong to simply confuse molecular distillation with short-path distillation, and their essence is different. Features of Shanghai DEA's scraper short-path distiller: Extremely high vacuum: The special structural design of the scraper short-path distiller allows the operating pressure to reach an extremely low operating vacuum. The vacuum of the experimental scale equipment can reach 0.001 mbar, and even the industrial scale equipment can reach 0.01-0.05 mbar. The operating temperature is much lower than the boiling point of the material: because the scraped path distillation adopts the central condensation mode, the distance between the evaporation area and the condensation surface is generally less than 50mm (the distance between the experimental device is less than 10mm), so there is only a slight pressure drop between the evaporator and the condenser, that is to say, the vacuum degree at the end of the vacuum system is almost close to the vacuum of the evaporator. The design of DEA fully meets the requirements of molecular distillation process. The heating time is short: by adopting the film forming design of the vertically rotating scraper, the residence time of the material on the heating wall is only more than ten seconds. Due to the strict distance requirement between the heating wall of short-path distillation and the condenser, the light molecules escaping from the liquid surface reach the condensing surface almost instantaneously, and the heating time of the light molecules in the vapor phase can be ignored in this process. The potential for thermal decomposition is minimized. Superior efficiency of mass transfer and heat transfer: DEA short-path distillation uses a mechanical film wiping system,wiped film distillation, which is different from the uneven film formation defects of other falling film evaporators. In the short-path evaporator, the material film thickness is uniform and the flow characteristics are excellent. Because the area of the liquid level and the heating surface is almost equal, the efficiency of mass transfer and heat transfer is superior. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:. toptiontech.com

Original Title: RNA Extraction and Preparation Methods for Common Medical Samples As a kind of very important biological macromolecule, nucleic acid is the master in the biological world. It plays an important role in all life activities such as reproduction, development, maintenance, aging and death of organisms. If there is a slight change in its structure, such as an error, deletion or addition of a base, It may lead to mutation, defect or disease, so nucleic acid has become a hot research topic in biochemistry, genetics and other related life disciplines, and its wide coverage and rapid progress are beyond the reach of other disciplines. The first prerequisite for nucleic acid research is to extract nucleic acid from many complex biological macromolecules and purify it to a certain extent so as to carry out corresponding scientific research and practical application. Nucleic acid, coming to the "tube", is divided into six phases. Through this series, we share with you the knowledge of sample preparation, extraction methods and detection of nucleic acid extraction, in order to be helpful to your scientific research. 1 Whole blood sample 01 Selection of blood collection tube One of the major problems with blood collection for testing is the instability of intracellular RNA, which degrades rapidly within hours of blood collection. In addition, RNA from some species is increased in vitro by genetic induction after blood collection. Both in vitro RNA degradation and gene induction can lead to an underestimation or overestimation of the number of transcripts of relevant genes in vivo. BD's PAXgene blood RNA tubes contain additives that stabilize gene transcription in vivo, reduce RNA degradation in vitro, and minimize the level of gene induction. They are suitable for human and primate whole blood sample preparation. For whole blood samples, we only recommend the use of this tube. BD PAXgene Blood RNA Tube (Item No.762165) 02 Collect blood Please read the product instructions carefully before using the PAXgene blood RNA tube for correct operation. If the PAXgene Blood RNA tube is the only blood drawing tube, the blood should be drawn into a "waste tube" prior to being drawn into the PAXgene Blood RNA tube so that the phlebotomizer used in the blood drawing process can be prefilled with blood; otherwise,decarboxylation after extraction, the PAXgen Blood RNA tube should be the last tube in the blood drawing procedure. Make sure that the blood has stopped flowing into the tube before removing the tube from the needle holder (the negative pressure in the PAXgene Blood RNA tube is designed to draw 2.5ml of blood into the tube). Immediately after blood collection, the PAXgene blood RNA tube should be gently inverted 8-10 times to ensure that the protective agent and blood in the tube are well mixed. Expand the full text 03 Preservation and transportation PAXgene blood RNA tube are allowed to stand vertically at room temperature (18-25. degree. C.) for 2-24 hour, after which they may be stored at -20. degree. C. or lower; if that tube are to be stored at a temperature lower than -20. degrees. C., the tubes may be frozen at -20. degrees. C. for 24 hours, and then transferred to -70. degree. C or -80. deg. C for at least 50 months. Bulk dry ice transport. 2 Serum Plasma Samples Because the abundance of RNA in cells is much higher than that of free RNA in blood, even a very small amount of cells will have a great impact on the analysis of free RNA in blood. Therefore, removing the contamination of cells and cell debris is the key to the preparation of serum plasma samples. 01 Selection of blood collection tube For serum samples, it is enough to use common serum vacuum blood collection tubes; for plasma samples,rotovap distillation, it is recommended to use EDTA anticoagulant tubes, and heparin anticoagulant tubes are prohibited. 02 Separation and storage of plasma samples Collect blood samples with EDTA anticoagulant tube (the collected blood samples can be stored at room temperature or 4 ℃ for a short time, but not more than 1 H). 1900 G (or 3000 rpm), 4 ℃, centrifugation for 10 min. Carefully transfer the upper plasma layer (yellow) into a new 1.5 ml centrifuge tube without the tip of the gun touching the middle layer (white blood cell and platelet layers). In general, 4 to 5 ml of plasma can be separated from 10 ml of blood. The separated plasma was centrifuged at 16000 G, 4 ℃ for 10 min. Do not touch the impurities on the bottom side of the tube with the gun head. Carefully transfer the supernatant to a new 1.5ml centrifuge tube and store it at -80 ℃. Bulk dry ice transport. Plasma samples were isolated 03 Separation and preservation of serum samples Blood samples were collected with blood collection tubes containing coagulation activators or ordinary vacuum blood collection tubes, and the blood was allowed to coagulate at room temperature for 10-60 min. 1900 G (or 3000 rpm), 4 ℃, centrifugation for 10 min. Carefully transfer the upper serum (yellow) to a new 1.5 ml centrifuge tube without the tip of the gun touching the middle layer (white blood cell and platelet layers). In general, 3-5ml of serum can be separated from 10ml of blood. The separated serum was centrifuged for 10 min at 4 ℃ with a 16000 of G. Do not touch the impurities on the bottom side of the tube with the gun head. Carefully transfer the supernatant to a new 1.5ml centrifuge tube and store it at -80 ℃. Bulk dry ice transport. Serum sample separation 3 cell supernatant Cell culture media or other biological fluids are collected using a suitable container. 3000 G, 4 ℃, 15 min. Carefully transfer the supernatant to a new sterile centrifuge tube. The supernatant was centrifuged at 4 ℃ for 10 min with a 16000 of G. Do not touch the impurities on the bottom side of the tube with the gun head. Carefully transfer the supernatant to a new sterile centrifuge tube and store it at -80 ℃. Bulk dry ice transport. Cell supernatant separation 4 Exosomes For the teacher's own enriched exosomes, it is necessary to dissolve the exosomes in not more than 100ul RNase-free PBS and mix them well to facilitate subsequent extraction. The exosomes sample solution was stored at -80 ° C. Bulk dry ice transport. 5 Tissue samples For oral tissue samples used for RNA extraction, if the sample volume is small, it is recommended to give priority to the sample delivery method of protective solution (RNAlater, cbd centrifugal extractor ,wiped film evaporator, etc.). Scheme I. Sample delivery of protective solution (RNAlater, etc.) The fresh tissue was cut into samples with length, width and height ≤ 0.5 cm with a scalpel, and small organs such as mouse liver, kidney and spleen could be preserved intact in RNA later. Immerse the tissue sample in 5-10 times the volume of the RNAlater to completely submerge the tissue. Samples were incubated overnight at 4 ° C (to allow complete tissue penetration by RNAlater) and then transferred to -80 ° C for long-term storage. Bulk dry ice transport. Scheme II: Liquid nitrogen quick freezing and sample delivery Fresh tissue was removed, and tissue types not required for the study, such as connective tissue and adipose tissue, were immediately removed. If the tissue volume was large, the tissue should be cut into small pieces (soybean size) with length, width and height ≤ 0.5 cm. The tissue surface was quickly flushed clean of residual blood with precooled PBS solution (RNase free) or saline. The processed tissue samples are mixed evenly and stored in a liquid nitrogen pre-freezing storage tube with a screw cap. Quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen for about 3 H, and then transferred to -80 ℃ for long-term storage. Bulk dry ice transport. Caution: 1. For For the cancer samples of RNA projects, we suggest that the tissues removed by surgery should be quickly put into RNAlater and incubated at 4 ℃ for 24 hours, then the RNA later should be discarded, the tissues in the necrotic area and the paracancerous tissues should be cut off and transferred to the liquid nitrogen pre-freezing storage tube with a screw cap. The liquid nitrogen is quickly frozen, stored at -80 ℃, and transported with dry ice. 2. After the tissue sample leaves the living body It is suggested that liquid nitrogen quick freezing should be carried out within 3 min. The longer the operation time before quick freezing, the greater the possibility of RNA degradation. 3. Tissue samples are not recommended TRIzol sample delivery, if necessary, need to be fully ground in liquid nitrogen and dissolved in an appropriate amount of TRIzol, tissue samples should not be excessive, after 5 minutes of pyrolysis at room temperature, frozen at -80 C, dry ice transportation. 6 cell sample The number of cells required for one RNA extraction reaction is less than or equal to 1 X 10 ^ 7, and the number of cells required for one RNA extraction reaction is preferably between 3 X 10 ^ 6 and 1 X 10 ^ 7. If the sample volume is large, it is recommended to divide the cell sample into different tubes according to the above requirements. 01 Adherent cells Take out the adherent cultured cells from the incubator, observe the cells under the microscope, and confirm that the growth state is good (the normal cell fusion degree is about 80%). The medium was discarded, and 5 mL of PBS (RNase-free, room temperature) was added to the cell culture flask or dish and washed once. Discard the PBS, add a proper amount of TRIzol, and repeatedly suck and beat for several times until the agglomerated cell mass is not visible, so that it can be fully dissolved in the lysis solution to form a clear and non-viscous liquid. The lysed cell solution was transferred to a 1.5 mL screw-cap centrifuge tube (RNase-free), stored at -80 ℃ for a long time, and transported in large volume of dry ice. 02 Suspension cells First of all, make sure that the cells are growing well; centrifuge to get the cell sediment (according to the steps of cell centrifugation in the customer's laboratory, note that the cell centrifugation should be moderate, and do not make the cell centrifugation too solid to cause the lysate can not fully penetrate). Discard the medium, add 1 mL of PBS (RNase free, room temperature), gently suspend the cell pellet, and transfer to a 2 mL screw-top, tip-bottom centrifuge tube (RNase free). Centrifuge (according to the steps of cell centrifugation in the customer's laboratory, note that the cell centrifugation should be moderate, and do not make the cell centrifugation too solid to cause the lysate can not fully penetrate) to obtain cell sediment, discard PBS, add appropriate amount of TRIzol, and repeatedly suck and beat for several times until no agglomerated cell mass can be seen, so that it can be fully dissolved in the lysate. It is stored at -80 ℃ for a long time and transported in large volume of dry ice. Caution: 1. If it is DNA items can be washed with ordinary sterile PBS. If it is RNA items, it must be RNA se-free. 2. Trypsin treatment is not recommended for obtaining cell Pancreatin is protein, and if there is any residue, it will affect subsequent experiments. 3. The number of cells is less than 5 × 105 It is recommended to send the sample directly after quick freezing (without lysis with lysis solution). Due to the small number of cells,jacketed glass reactor, we will arrange micro-extraction. 4. Cell samples are not recommended to be stored in RNAlater tissue RNA protection solution, because of the high density of RNAlater, the cells stored in it are difficult to be collected by centrifugation for extraction. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:. toptiontech.com

Original Title: South Korea's Seawater Desalination Nano Film Lasts Long, Filtration Effect Is Still as High as 99.99% After One Month "Water, water everywhere, but not a drop to drink", the ocean is like this, but we can use new technology to convert seawater into drinkable fresh water,molecular distillation systems, recently South Korean scientists have developed a highly efficient new nanofiber membrane, and after 30 days of use, the effect of filtering saline is still 99.99%. Seawater desalination is divided into reverse osmosis and distillation,jacketed glass reactor, in which reverse osmosis uses pressure difference and "selective penetration" reverse osmosis membrane to separate water and salt. Fresh water and seawater are placed on both sides of the membrane. Due to different osmotic pressures, water molecules will flow from fresh water to seawater until the two sides complete the equilibrium state; Distillation is done by heating seawater, separating the salt from the water vapor, and condensing the water vapor into fresh water. This method requires a large amount of heat energy and is usually combined with a thermal power plant. The team of Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Technology (KICT), a state-owned company in South Korea, thin film distillation ,wiped film evaporator, focuses on Membrane Distillation (MD) this time. A hydrophobic membrane is selected as the separator. One side is the heating saline, and the other side is the cooler fresh water. The steam pressure difference is the driving force, and the steam will pass through the membrane to the other side to condense into water. Compared with the traditional reverse osmosis desalination process, membrane distillation has attracted much attention in the fields of water resources, environment and chemical industry because of its characteristics of less influence on the concentration of the liquid to be treated, normal or low pressure operation, high water purity, high water recovery rate and integration of waste heat or renewable energy. （Source：KICT） In order to improve the desalination efficiency again, KICT researchers used the co-axial electrospinning process to create a new hydrophobic membrane, which is an engineering process that uses electric charges to extract very fine fibers from liquids. Two different materials, PVDF-HFP polymer and silica aerogel, are mixed into the printing material. The rough surface is conducive to drainage, while the silica aerogel is like a thermal insulation material, which prevents the heating zone from accidentally conducting heat energy to the cold zone, so as to maintain a high vapor difference between the two sides. The team pointed out that the electrospun membrane usually used for desalination can only be used for 50 hours, but after the team's actual test, it was found that the electrospun nano-membrane could still filter out 99.99% of the salt after 30 days, which is much longer than other electrospun nano-fiber membranes. Yunchul Woo,rotary vacuum evaporator, a senior researcher at KICT and an assistant professor at the University of Science and Technology of Korea, said that coaxial electrospun nanofiber membranes have high application potential in seawater treatment and do not have infiltration problems, which are suitable for pilot-scale or full-scale membrane distillation plants. (First image source: Unsplash) Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:. toptiontech.com

Originally published as [Hot!] Kangri Baiao Successfully Completed 50 L to 2000 L Partner Project Production February 2022, Suzhou Kangri Baiao has completed the partner 2000 L clinical phase II sample production project in December 2021, which is directly enlarged from 50 L to 2000 L, which not only indicates that Kangri Baiao has the ability to provide clinical sample preparation and commercial production services of biopharmaceuticals to global partners, but also as a CDMO with rich experience in scale-up production. Kangri Baiao has the best practice in balancing the efficiency of technology development and the cost-effectiveness of time. The project was transferred from the pilot test of 3 L process to the pilot test of 50 L, and finally directly scaled up to 2000 L for commercial scale production. The expression level, yield and key quality indicators of products at different scales are highly similar, which realizes efficient process transfer and successful scale-up production. The growth curve of upstream cells was highly consistent with the small-scale test, and the expression level and the quality of harvest liquid met the requirements. The yield of each downstream step is consistent with the small-scale test scale, while meeting the expected requirements,winterization filtration, and the key quality indicators of the final product have achieved high standard requirements. Figure 1: Comparison of the density and viability of 3L, 50L and 2000L viable cells Scaling up has always been a delicate process with various risk factors. For each stage of the scale-up process, analytical tests must be performed in accordance with regulations and transferred analytical methods, and risk analysis and transfer confirmation of key process parameters must be performed to ensure that the process can be validated. At the same time,thin film distillation, the technology transfer team needs to maintain continuous communication with partners on project details to ensure that the transfer process achieves a deep understanding of process characteristics, as well as the expected requirements of process and product quality. Figure 2:2000 L reactor production Expand the full text Kangri Baiao team members have helped many well-known companies at home and abroad successfully transfer, enlarge and produce 2000 L clinical and commercial products, including many batches of production projects with high technical difficulty, which are directly enlarged from 3 L to 2000 L, with a success rate of 100%. Team members are well versed in how to effectively integrate cell culture, harvesting and purification processes in process scale-up production. The success of this case once again proves the ability of the team. We have a complete clinical stage process characterization technology platform, 50l rotovap ,cbd crystallization equipment, and have determined the process scale-up process, established the corresponding scale-down model for the mainstream reactor system in the market, carried out multivariate experimental design according to the medium and high risk parameters affecting the key quality attributes of the product, and based on the clinical phase II and III process characterization. Determine a scientific and reasonable design interval for the process parameters of commercial scale production, and formulate technology transfer, process development and scale-up production plans according to the uniqueness of different partner projects. We have transited from accumulating sufficient data and experience to making technological breakthroughs in a forward-looking manner and providing matching services for partners'projects in an agile and efficient manner. In the scale-up production project, the technology transfer team and the project management team adhere to the "full cycle" thinking, and our pursuit of quality and optimized service is reflected in every process development and production link from cell line construction to commercial production. Dynamically consider the overall needs of customers and help partners avoid potential risks. Kangri Baiao landed 2000 L disposable bioreactor in 2021, passed the quality audit of the European Union, obtained the Pharmaceutical Production License, and continuously optimized the construction of quality system, accelerated the operation of document data, and built "high-quality productivity", at the same time, it has successfully helped many partner projects to obtain China. Clinical approvals from Australia and Europe are expected to empower more excellent partners in the industry. About Kangri Baiao Kangri Baiao Biotechnology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. is a professional biological drug CDMO. The company's service scope includes cell line development, process development of bulk solutions and preparations, analytical method development, formulation development and cGMP production of bulk solutions and finished products. The team members are all experienced senior people in the biopharmaceutical industry and have a deep understanding of the CMC field of biopharmaceuticals. Their rich experience in leading biopharmaceutical R & D and manufacturing enterprises in the industry is the key to the rapid establishment of Kangri Baiao and the provision of high-quality services to customers. It has successfully helped many partner projects to obtain clinical approvals in China, the United States, Australia, Europe and so on. Kangri Baiao is committed to providing efficient and high-quality biopharmaceutical outsourcing service solutions for global partners, helping partners shorten the time for drugs to enter clinical trials and market, while effectively reducing the cost of drug development and production. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor: (function() { function getBrandHtml() { var brands = [],hemp extraction centrifuge, html = ''; for(var i = 0; i < brands.length; i++) { var brand = brands[i]; if(brands.length i+1) { html+= ''+brand.name+''; } else { html+= ''+brand.name+'、'; } } return html; }; if(document.getElementById('linkBtn')){ document.getElementById('linkBtn').onclick = function() { $('#brands').removeClass('brand');$ ( '# tipInfo').text ( 'Real name responded'); $ ('#linkBtn').remove();$ ('.real-response .content').css('line-height', '20px');$ ('.real-response .time').css('line-height', '20px'); }; document.getElementById('brands').innerHTML = getBrandHtml(); }; })();。 toptiontech.com

Original title: How to measure the diameter of titanium alloy round pipe online? Abstract: Titanium alloy round tube is very practical now, the measurement of titanium alloy round tube now can use photoelectric diameter gauge for accurate online measurement, to ensure the measurement accuracy on the production line. Key words: Titanium alloy circular tube; one-way caliper; In the production of the titanium alloy round tube, the titanium alloy round tube is finally made into a finished tube by multistage forming with a diameter, high-frequency welding, sawing to length, straightening. In modern industrial production, there are certain requirements for the quality and size of finished tubes, and there are also certain specifications for the outer diameter deviation of titanium alloy round tubes. In the traditional way, it is often measured manually with a pallet in production. However, the online production speed of titanium alloy round pipe is tens of meters per minute. In such a high-speed production line, manual measurement of the outer diameter of the steel pipe is not only unsafe, but also difficult to measure accurately. If the deviation can not be detected in time or the measurement is not accurate, there will be a lot of waste products, resulting in great economic losses. Lanpeng measurement and control photoelectric diameter gauge series products can solve this problem, realize online non-contact nondestructive detection of the diameter of titanium alloy round pipe, and control the diameter of its products. The diameter gauge is equipped with an out-of-tolerance alarm system, which can alarm the production of titanium alloy round pipe in the production line. Expand the full text The diameter measuring instrument can automatically measure the outer diameter size of the titanium alloy circular tube and display the outer diameter size on the LED display screen in time, the display screen can also be externally connected, titanium round bar , so that production operators can check and correct production process parameters in time, and a software system can be configured for data analysis and storage to provide accurate data for workers, thereby ensuring the production quality of products. Improve the production efficiency and reduce the waste generated from the waste of raw materials. The outer diameters of titanium alloy round tubes are different from each other, so a variety of photoelectric diameter gauges have been developed to meet the needs of rolling production. The measuring range of the photoelectric diameter gauge is customized according to the specifications of the titanium alloy round tubes produced, so as to meet the online measurement of all titanium alloy circular tubes in production. The photoelectric diameter measuring instrument is applied to the on-line measurement of the outer diameter size of a titanium alloy circular tube, the main body of the diameter measuring instrument is arranged on a rolling site to ensure the on-line measurement of the outer diameter size, and the measuring range can be adjusted to measure the outer diameters of various titanium alloy circular tubes. The photoelectric diameter gauge is applied to the online detection of the outer diameter size to realize high-quality measurement, and the measurement range can be customized according to the requirements. The photoelectric diameter gauge can also be applied to various steel rolling sites, such as the online detection of round steel, alloy steel, carbon steel and other steels, and can be used for online measurement and offline sampling inspection of wire bars and pipes. The photoelectric diameter measuring instrument is applied to the on-line measurement of the titanium alloy round tube, which effectively reduces the single piece inspection cost after production, effectively saves the loss of raw materials, and reduces the personnel demand. The photoelectric diameter measuring instrument can be used for on-line detection of a high-temperature titanium alloy round pipe, the material and the temperature of a measured object have no influence on a measurement result, the photoelectric diameter measuring instrument can adapt to various working conditions, and various parameters required by a process are displayed in detail. After reading this article, do you have any ideas or suggestions about the measurement of titanium alloy round tubes? Although you can leave a message below the article or send a private message to Xiaobian, some messages are not displayed here, so you can't reply in time. Xiaobian will do his best to share information and experience with you. Need to measure the width, length, thickness,titanium tubing price, outer diameter of the automatic measuring equipment, can leave a message below. This article is written by Baoding Lanpeng Measurement and Control Technology Co., Ltd. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:. yunchtitanium.com

Original title: Titanium alloy exhaust pipe Titanium alloy exhaust pipe Stainless Steel Exhaust and Titanium Alloy Exhaust-Car The modified exhaust can not only discharge the waste more smoothly, but also make the sound more obvious; Stainless steel and titanium alloy are the mainstream materials in the modified exhaust market. Most modified players prefer stainless steel,titanium sheet grade 5, which is also the mainstream of exhaust in the market. There are three specific differences between them: I. Weight In the case of the same volume, the weight of titanium alloy material is lighter than that of stainless steel material. The weight of titanium alloy material can be more than one third lighter than that of stainless steel material,titanium filler rod, and its rigidity is better, which can fully meet the needs of players who pursue lightweight. Stainless steel exhaust Heat resistance and heat dissipation Although the exhaust gas can withstand high temperatures now, titanium exhaust tubing ,ti6al4v eli, the heat resistance and heat dissipation of titanium alloy are still better than that of stainless steel. Titanium alloy exhaust Three, sound waves Because the titanium alloy exhaust pipe wall is thinner than the stainless steel exhaust, the sound of the titanium alloy exhaust will be higher, and the stainless steel exhaust will be thicker and deeper. These are some of the differences between titanium alloy and stainless steel. Although titanium alloy has better exhaust rigidity, better heat resistance and lighter weight, the mainstream of the market still prefers stainless steel. Because of the high cost of titanium alloy and the more difficult processing, the higher the purity of titanium alloy, the better the degree of tensile bending, the higher the heat resistance,6al4v titanium bar, and the more expensive the exhaust price. Therefore, according to the different needs of players, the orientation of their selection will also be different. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:. yunchtitanium.com

Original Title: 15B37H Steel 15B37H Round Steel Bar Steel grade: 15B37H low alloy steel carburizing steel alloy structural steel alloy steel Standard: ASTM AISI SAE UNS. 15 Chemical composition of B37H: Carbon C: 0.35-0.40 Si: 0.17-0.37 Manganese Mn: 0.80 ~ 1.10 S ：≤0.035 Phosphorus P: ≤ 0.035 Chromium Cr: 1.00 ~ 1.30 Nickel: ≤ 0.030 Copper Cu: ≤ 0.030 Ti: 0.04-0.10 Tensile strength MPa ≥ 1470 Yield strength MPa ≥ 1050 Elongation (%) ≥ 9.5 Boron steel 15 B37H Bearing plate Bearing plate Tension plate Tension bar 15 B37H 15 B37H Name: Low Alloy Steel Carburizing Steel Alloy Structural Steel Alloy Structural Steel Bearing Steel High Carbon Steel 15B37H 15 B37H Carbon steel Carbon steel Low carbon steel Carbon structural steel Carbon structural steel Alloy structural steel Steel plate Round bar 15B37H 15B37H Steel strip Steel strip Steel wire Iron wire Steel wire Steel coil Round plate Die steel 15B37H 15B37H alloy tool steel alloy steel die steel bearing steel cast steel cast iron 15B37H 15 B37H round bar, steel bar, plain round, round steel,3d titanium wire, forged round, small round bar,titanium round bar, bar stock, material steel bar 15B37H 15B37H Steel Stock Steel Vessel Plate Pressure Plate Wear Plate High Strength Steel Steel Bar Grinding Bar Polishing Bar 15B37H 15 B37H cutting zero cutting, compared with what material is similar, titanium round bar ,3d titanium wire, what material is how much 15B37H 15 B37H Steel Grade Model, Steel Plate, Iron Plate, Iron Bar Plate Bar Plate, Light Bar Light Bar 15B37H 15B37H Cast Steel Cast Iron, Cast Forging Forgings, Square Steel Square Bar, Hexagonal Bar Hexagonal Steel Manufacturer 15B37H 15B37H cold plate cold rolled plate, hot plate hot rolled plate, corresponding to the domestic substitute brand 15B37H, return to Sohu, see more Responsible Editor: (function() { function getBrandHtml() { var brands = [],nickel titanium wire, html = ''; for(var i = 0; i < brands.length; i++) { var brand = brands[i]; if(brands.length i+1) { html+= ''+brand.name+''; } else { html+= ''+brand.name+'、'; } } return html; }; if(document.getElementById('linkBtn')){ document.getElementById('linkBtn').onclick = function() { $('#brands').removeClass('brand');$ ( '# tipInfo').text ( 'Real name responded'); $ ('#linkBtn').remove();$ ('.real-response .content').css('line-height', '20px');$ ('.real-response .time').css('line-height', '20px'); }; document.getElementById('brands').innerHTML = getBrandHtml(); }; })(); yunchtitanium.com

Original Title: GH1015 (GH15, GR5) Superalloy Plate | Pipe | Strip GH1015 I. Introduction of GH1015: GH1015 is a FE-NI-CR based solution strengthened wrought superalloy, which is used at temperatures below 950 degrees. The alloy is solution strengthened by adding elements such as chromium,titanium tubing price, tungsten and molybdenum. The alloy has high plasticity, medium endurance and creep strength,titanium exhaust tubing, good cold and hot fatigue resistance, good processing and welding performance and structural stability. The main products are cold rolled sheet, titanium bar gr5 ,titanium bar grade 5, wire and forgings. II. Application and characteristics of GH1015: GH1015 alloy has been used to manufacture plate structural steel and other high-temperature components such as aero-engine combustion chamber and afterburner cylinder. The alloy has a certain age hardening phenomenon when working for a long time at the temperature of 700 deg C to 900 deg C, so that the room temperature plasticity is reduced; and the alloy has a tendency to be oxidized along the grain boundary when working for a long time at the temperature of more than 700 deg C, so that an enamel coating can be used for effective protection. The high temperature oxidation resistance above 1000 degrees is slightly worse than that of nickel-based alloys for similar purposes. III. Similar grades of GH1015: High temperature new name: GH1015 High temperature old name: GH15 New name for corrosion resistance Old name for corrosion resistance GB grade: GR5 The alloy can be used as a substitute for GH2039, GH3030, GH3044 and GH3536 alloys. IV. Chemical composition of GH1015: Carbon C: ≤ 0.08 Silicon Si: ≤ 0.60 Manganese Mn: ≤ 1.50 Phosphorus P: ≤ 0.020 Sulfur S: ≤ 0.015 Chromium Cr: 19-22 Ni: 34-39 Molybdenum Mo: 2.5-3.2 Nitrogen N: ~ Expand the full text Copper Cu: ≤ 0.25 Fe: balance Niobium Nb: 1.1-1.6 Boron B ≤ 0.010 Titanium Ti: ~ Aluminum Al: ~ Vanadium: ~ Tungsten W: 4.8-5.8 Cerium Ce: ≤ 0.050 V. Material specification of GH1015: Hot-rolled bar: 10-100mm, forged bar: 100mm-350mm, cold-rolled sheet: 0.05mm-4.0mm, hot-rolled plate: 4mm-14mm, with 2mm-10mm, forged rings of various sizes and specifications, and individual brands in stock are not fixed in size. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor: (function() { function getBrandHtml() { var brands = [],titanium seamless tube, html = ''; for(var i = 0; i < brands.length; i++) { var brand = brands[i]; if(brands.length i+1) { html+= ''+brand.name+''; } else { html+= ''+brand.name+'、'; } } return html; }; if(document.getElementById('linkBtn')){ document.getElementById('linkBtn').onclick = function() { $('#brands').removeClass('brand');$ ( '# tipInfo').text ( 'Real name responded'); $ ('#linkBtn').remove();$ ('.real-response .content').css('line-height', '20px');$ ('.real-response .time').css('line-height', '20px'); }; document.getElementById('brands').innerHTML = getBrandHtml(); }; })();。 yunchtitanium.com

Original Title: Titanium Industry Overview and Development Trend Analysis 1. Basic information of titanium metal Titanium is considered a rare metal due to its scattered presence in nature and difficulty in extraction. However, it is relatively abundant, ranking tenth among all elements. Titanium ores, mainly ilmenite and rutile, are widely distributed in the crust and lithosphere. Titanium is also present in almost all organisms, rocks, water and soil. Extraction of titanium from primary ores requires either the Kroll or Hunt process. The most common compound of titanium is titanium dioxide, which is used to make white pigments. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) (used as a catalyst and to make smoke screens or skywriting) and titanium trichloride (TiCl3) (used to catalyze the production of polypropylene). Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in aviation industry because of their low density, high strength, corrosion resistance, low temperature resistance, resistance, non-magnetic, non-toxic, tensile strength and other excellent properties, known as "space metal"; It is widely used in shipbuilding industry, chemical industry, manufacturing mechanical parts, telecommunication equipment, hard alloy and so on. Related Report: Analysis of Competition Pattern and Development Trend of Titanium Industry by Beijing Puhua Youce Information Consulting Co., Ltd. 2. Trade barriers (1) Technical barriers Titanium and titanium alloys can be widely used in civil, national defense, economy, science and technology and other fields, and the development of titanium industry to a certain extent also reflects the application level of a country's high-tech materials technology and the development of manufacturing industry, so the requirements for its quality stability, forging and rolling processing technology are relatively high. The smelting process of titanium includes: titanium slag smelting process, chlorination process, refining process, reduction distillation process and other links, and the technical difficulty of the links is high. In order to form large-scale and industrial production, it is necessary to solve the technical problems of process flow control and the management problems of the whole process flow, otherwise it will cause waste of resources and a substantial increase in production costs. In the future, the strategic significance of high-end titanium production will be more significant,nickel titanium wire, and the shift of product structure to high-end will become an inevitable trend of its development. Domestic petrochemical, aerospace, electric power, marine engineering, sports and leisure industries continue to maintain strong demand for high-end titanium products, while high-tech industries such as computers are constantly emerging demand growth points for titanium, promoting the development of titanium products to high-end areas. The high-end development of domestic titanium industry has been supported by both policy and market orientation, and the national defense construction matching the improvement of economic strength will also promote the transfer of China's titanium industry to high-end areas and gradually improve the advantages of the industrial chain. Therefore, only by continuously improving technical indicators, developing energy-saving and environmental protection processes, and having core competitiveness in product quality, can enterprises achieve continuous development. As a result,ti6al4v, the technical requirements of titanium and titanium alloy processing for enterprises in the industry will be higher and higher, which will constitute a higher technical barrier for enterprises entering later. (2) Policy barriers Expand the full text In the process of titanium processing, some processes need to use acid and alkali to clean the surface of the product, which produces some waste water and waste acid. At present, under the background of advocating "energy saving and environmental protection" in the whole society, with the continuous improvement of the national requirements for environmental protection, "energy saving and emission reduction" has become the leading direction of the future development of the whole industry in China, requiring enterprises entering the industry to have a strong sense of environmental protection and carry out production and operation according to the national environmental protection regulations. Reasonable post-treatment process and "three wastes" treatment steps are also very necessary. According to China's binding targets for energy conservation and emission reduction, the government will strictly control new projects, and some enterprises will be eliminated if they fail to meet the environmental protection standards. The environmental protection measures taken to meet the national environmental protection requirements and the corresponding investment in environmental protection equipment have set certain barriers for new entrants to the industry. (3) Capital barrier Titanium industry is a typical technology-intensive and capital-intensive industry, which usually requires a large amount of initial investment, including large-scale, high-standard processing plants, clean sites, a large number of technologically advanced cutting, forming, welding equipment and professional testing equipment and instruments. These essential factors of production require new entrants to the industry to invest a large amount of money at one time, which increases the investment risk and constitutes a capital barrier to enter the industry. In addition, due to the characteristics of the industry, the cost of raw materials accounts for a large proportion of operating costs, raw material procurement needs to occupy a large amount of funds, and the equipment products industry has a relatively long repayment cycle, which occupies a lar ger amount of liquidity, and further constitutes a capital obstacle for new entrants. (4) Customer trust barrier At present, titanium plate gr7 ,titanium sheet grade 5, the titanium and titanium alloy industry has developed to a certain extent, most customers have the concept of "first impressions first", downstream customers often choose their own trustworthy enterprises, such as long-term cooperative enterprises or brand excellent enterprises, first occupy the market will gain greater market advantages, new entrants will gain the trust of downstream customers. The cost of investment is more than that of early entrants, which often constitutes a barrier to entry for new entrants. 3. Development status of titanium industry in China Wujiang Group, the first titanium industry chain in China, with a total investment of 7.6 billion yuan, is closely linked from titanium ore to 20000 tons of titanium sponge and titanium processing, titanium alloy and titanium household products industry chain. Titanium ore resources in China mainly include ilmenite rock ore, ilmenite placer ore and rutile ore, which are mainly distributed in Sichuan, Hebei, Yunnan, Hainan and other places, of which 98. 9% is ilmenite and only about 1% is rutile. Although there are abundant titanium resources in China, and the reserves of primary ilmenite account for 94. 1% of the total amount of titanium ore, it belongs to the associated minerals of iron ore, and its development and utilization are restricted by the development and utilization of its main mineral-iron ore. Although after years of research, the comprehensive recovery rate of titanium resources can only reach about 26%, which is far behind that of developed countries. In addition, the proven reserves of rutile in China are not much, most of them are primary ore, and the grade is relatively low. Ilmenite placer and rutile in China account for a small proportion of titanium ore raw materials in terms of resource reserves and output. Titanium products are used in many important sectors of the national economy in China, and the operation of titanium industry is closely related to the development of the national economy. In 2016, the application of titanium resources in China was mainly concentrated in chemical industry, electric power, aerospace, metallurgy and other fields. In recent years, the scale of China's non-ferrous metal industry has been expanding, the industrial structure has been optimized, the quality level has been improved, and the ability of international operation has been enhanced, thus achieving rapid development. But at the same time, affected by the changes in the international and domestic economic situation, the market demand for non-ferrous metals is low, and the deep-seated contradictions and problems such as structural overcapacity and imbalance between supply and demand in the market accumulated over a long period of time in the non-ferrous metals industry have gradually emerged. Since 2014, the prices of major non-ferrous metal products have continued to fall. In 2015, the main business income of Enterprises above the scale of the non-ferrous metal industry increased by zero, and the total profit decreased by 13.2% compared with the same period last year. In order to solve the outstanding problems existing in the development of China's non-ferrous metals industry and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the non-ferrous metals industry, the State Council has formulated and promulgated the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Creating a Good Market Environment to Promote the Structural Adjustment, Transformation and Benefit Increase of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry, focusing on promoting the structural reform of the supply side, optimizing the stock and guiding. To ensure the sustained and healthy development of the industry. 4. Development trend of titanium industry in China Titanium industry belongs to the field of national strategic new materials. With the development of economy and the expansion of application fields, the demand will gradually increase in the future development of the industry. Temporary and structural overcapacity in the short term is a normal phenomenon. (1) Technical innovation of titanium products The development of domestic titanium industry benefits from the policy support of the state to the titanium industry. The Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Creating a Good Market Environment to Promote the Structural Adjustment of Non-ferrous Metals Industry, Promoting Transformation and Increasing Benefits put forward the overall requirements, key tasks and policy guarantees for solving the outsta nding problems of China's non-ferrous metals industry and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of non-ferrous metals industry, and clearly demanded that technological innovation be strengthened and efforts be made. To meet the needs of advanced equipment, new generation information technology, ship and ocean engineering, aerospace, national defense science and technology and other fields. (2) Transfer of products to high-end fields Due to the low entry threshold of titanium industry in China, the competition of low-end titanium products is fierce. Therefore, the strategic significance of high-end titanium production is more significant, and the transfer of product structure to high-end has become an inevitable trend of its development. Domestic petrochemical, aerospace, electric power, marine engineering, sports and leisure industries continue to maintain strong demand for high-end titanium products, while high-tech industries such as computers are constantly emerging demand growth points for titanium, promoting the development of titanium products to high-end areas. At present, only 10% of titanium materials in China are used in high-end fields, while 50% of them are used in high-end fields abroad, which is a big gap. The high-end development of domestic titanium industry has been supported by both policy and market orientation, and the national defense construction matching the improvement of economic strength will also promote the transfer of China's titanium industry to high-end areas, and gradually improve the advantages of the industrial chain, which will be a long-term development process. It is an important task for the development of titanium industry in China to develop new functional titanium materials through the development of titanium strips, titanium and its alloy extrusion pipes to meet the needs of the overall construction of the country. (3) Titanium industry tends to be internationalized and scaled Due to the deepening of the Belt and Road Initiative, the trade between the East and the West has increased, and the integration of the East and West markets is forming a unified world titanium market. Since 1996, American Timet Company has merged British IMI Company and Cezus Company of Zirconium in Europe to control the European market, and also merged American A. Johnson Metals Company Limited,Titanium welding pipe, and merged with Valinox Pipe Company of France, the largest pipe manufacturing company in Europe. With the formation of the Valitimet joint venture, these acquisitions have significantly strengthened Timet. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:. yunchtitanium.com

Original Title: Analysis of Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Palladium Alloy Material in National Standard TA 9 and American Standard GR7 Titanium has strong corrosion resistance in many media, especially in neutral and oxidizing media, and can also be used in some dilute reducing acids, such as nitric acid of various concentrations from room temperature to boiling point. It has good corrosion resistance to most alkali solutions, such as barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide saturated solutions at room temperature, but it can not be used in boiling sodium hydroxide solution. Titanium does not corrode at all in sea water and is resistant to most organic acids (except formic acid and oxalic acid). Excellent corrosion resistance in wet chlorine and chloride solutions such as chlorite and hypochlorite. The corrosion resistance in sodium chloride solution increases with the increase of pH value of the solution. Titanium and its alloys are widely used in chemical equipment,Titanium 6Al4V wire, petroleum industry and food industry, and have been extended to aerospace and biomedical fields due to their light weight, high strength,ti6al4v, good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. Although the electrode potential of titanium is relatively low and its nature is very active, in many media, titanium can exist stably and not be corroded, mainly because in the air or other media, the surface of titanium quickly forms a layer of dense and strong adhesion oxide film with a certain self-repair ability. Compared with titanium, titanium-palladium alloy has stronger corrosion in many reducing media and stronger crevice corrosion resistance than titanium. Palladium in titanium-palladium alloy is a good alloying element for titanium because it shows a certain cathodic effect and can change the anodic polarization characteristics of titanium. Oxalic acid is a kind of organic reducing acid, titanium plate gr7 ,titanium filler rod, which can complex many kinds of metal ions like citric acid. Titanium has good corrosion resistance in many media, but it will produce hydrogen depolarization corrosion in oxalic acid. Titanium palladium alloy Name: Titanium palladium alloy rod Grade: TA 9 titanium rod/GR7 titanium rod Titanium palladium alloys include Ti-0.2Pd, Ti-0.15Pd and Ti-0.13Pd, among which Ti-0.2Pd is widely used in reactors, towers, autoclaves, heat exchangers, pumps, valves, centrifuges, separators, pipelines, pipe fittings and electrolyzers in various strong corrosive environments. Main components: Ti, balance, 0.12 ≤ Pd ≤ 0.25. N ≤ 0.03, C ≤ 0.08, H ≤ 0.013, Fe ≤ 0.250, O ≤ 0.15 Executive standard: ASTMB348,Titanium 6Al4V wire, GB/T2965-07 Physical properties: density 4.51g/cm3, grain size 6.0-7.0 Expand the full text Mechanical property: tensile strength: 270Mpa ≥ σb ≤ 410Mpa, yield strength σb ≥ 165Mpa; elongation: δ ≥ 27% Production condition: Hot working condition (R) Cold working condition (Y) Annealing condition (M) Solid solution condition (ST) Titanium Palladium Alloy Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:. yunchtitanium.com